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WHO structures its work with Member States in biennial collaborative agreements (BCAs), which WHO/Europe and health ministries negotiate every two years. While disseminating and collecting information across the region, WHO/Europe works in particular in central and eastern European countries where the need is the most. Here are a few examples of this work.

Albania

• Piloting of implementation and monitoring of quality and safety standards in selected hospitals, with the support of the national Quality Accreditation Centre and the United Nations Coherence Fund.
• Capacity building on safe clinical practice in blood transfusion in collaboration with the European School of Medicine courses in Tirana in 2010 and 2011.

Croatia

• Launch of SEE Regional Health Development Centre (RHDC) for transplant services in Zagreb, Croatia, complemented by a training session dedicated to promotion of WHO guiding principles for transplant services (multi disciplinary participation from CRO and other countries in the Region).

France

• Research at national level in the area of blood transfusion on ways to improve patient health literacy and capacity of reducing safety risks (incorporated in the compiled report on patient engagement in reducing safety risks based on regional reviews and national studies).

Kazakhstan

• Training in optimal use of blood and patient management, and capacity building in WHO methodology for social surveys conducted, addressing health behavior and donor promotion, in collaboration with US Center for Disease Control and prevention (CDC) and HQ.
• An assessment mission (WHO Country Office in Slovenia) was organized as ad hoc response to the health ministry request following nosocomial outbreak of Hepatitis C in leukemic children.
• Two Central Asian Republics (CAR) training sessions for trainers in quality management for the blood services in Astana (WHO/CDC collaboration) with local blood services staff and representatives of Kyrgyzstan, Tajikistan and Uzbekistan blood services trained.
• Baseline action plan for implementing quality standards in the blood service was initiated.

Kyrgyzstan

• Participation of local blood services representatives in CAR training session for trainers in quality management for the blood services in Astana.
• Baseline action plan for implementing quality standards in the blood service was initiated.
• Development of national transplant programme and organization of dialysis section for end stage renal disease supported with AUS expertise.

Montenegro

• Support to the finalization of the EU Instrument for Pre-accession Assistance (IPA) funded blood safety project, and the organization of inception field mission in October 2011, selection of local key project staff.
• Workshop on organizational principles of quality management for blood transfusion services in December 2011.

Tajikistan

• Capacity building in haemovigilance and quality management for the blood service (total of 45 staff trained), establishment of national group for external quality assessment schemes and work on national guidelines initiated, with expert support from France, the Russian Federation, Singapore, in collaboration with Global Fund, CDC and HQ programme.
• Training on prevention of nosocomial infections and promotion of voluntary non-remunerated blood donor promotion organized in Dushanbe, for key blood services staff from CAR (28 representatives in total), completed with recommendations on patient blood management and donor promotion.
• Participation of local blood services representatives in CAR training session for trainers in quality management for the blood services in Astana.
• Baseline action plan for implementing quality standards in the blood service was initiated.

Uzbekistan

• Assessment mission with recommendations for prevention of hospital transmitted infections and capacity building for 20 staff in hand hygiene.
• Participation of local blood services representatives in CAR training session for trainers in quality management for the blood services in Astana.
• Baseline action plan for implementing quality standards in the blood service was initiated.

Inter country

• Launch of the SEE Regional Health Development Centre (RHDC) for blood safety in Oradea, Romania, complemented by a training session dedicated to blood services response to medical emergencies attended by multidisciplinary teams form the 9 SEE countries. The training session set the grounds for developing dedicated curricula for the task.