Adverse health effects of exposure to cold

Respiratory: increased mucus secretion, shortness of breath, wheezing, cough
Cardiovascular: chest pain, arrhythmia, shortness of breath
Peripheral circulation: colour change on fingers and toes, pain, numbness, tickling sensation
Musculoskeletal: pain, stiffness, swelling, restricted movement, paraesthesia, muscle weakness
Dermatological: itching, skin eruption, pale skin, erythema, oedema

Respiratory: asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, infections
Cardiovascular: coronary and other heart disease, myocardial infarction, cerebrovascular accidents
Peripheral circulation: Raynaud’s phenomenon, hand–arm vibration syndrome
Musculoskeletal: carpal tunnel syndrome, tension neck syndrome, tenosynovitis, peritendinitis
Dermatological: cold urticaria (hives), pernio (chilblains), psoriasis, atopic dermatitis
Injuries, such as frostbite, trench foot, hypothermia and falls

Total mortality in most populations is higher in winter than in summer
The most common causes of death are: coronary heart disease, cerebrovascular accidents and respiratory diseases